Even with early diagnosis and treatment, some children develop persistent cardiovascular issues after recovering from Kawasaki Disease. The most common long-term complication is coronary artery aneurysms, but children without these aneurysms can still experience other heart problems.
Research has shown that children affected by Kawasaki Disease, even in cases without coronary artery complications, have higher rates of endothelial injury. The endothelial cells line the inner walls of blood vessels, and damage to these cells can lead to a higher risk of atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) later in life. One study reported that markers of endothelial damage, such as elevated levels of circulating endothelial cells (CECs), remain elevated years after the initial illness.
This suggests that Kawasaki Disease may cause lasting changes to the cardiovascular system that require lifelong attention, particularly during critical stages of development.
Why Continuous Monitoring is Crucial
Children who have recovered from Kawasaki Disease, especially those with a history of coronary artery aneurysms, need to be regularly monitored by a cardiologist. The severity of coronary complications varies, but ongoing monitoring can help detect subtle changes before they become serious. Coronary artery aneurysms may regress over time, but this doesn’t guarantee a return to normal cardiovascular function.
In some cases, aneurysms can persist or worsen, leading to higher risks of heart attack or arrhythmias in adolescence or adulthood. For this reason, medical professionals recommend regular echocardiograms, stress tests, and electrocardiograms (ECGs) to track the heart’s condition over time.
For patients with a history of severe coronary involvement, treatments like anti-inflammatory medications or low-dose aspirin may be required for years, or even for life, to prevent blood clot formation. This is particularly important for managing the risks associated with damaged coronary arteries. The Long-Term Effects of Kawasaki Disease on Heart Health.
Managing Heart Health into Adulthood
While Kawasaki Disease primarily affects children, it can result in long-lasting heart issues that require vigilance in adulthood. Even if a child has a mild case of KD, long-term cardiovascular care is essential. Adults who had Kawasaki Disease as children should inform their healthcare providers of their medical history, particularly if they experience any cardiovascular symptoms, such as chest pain or shortness of breath.
Adults with a history of KD are at an increased risk of developing coronary artery disease (CAD) at a younger age than the general population. Lifestyle changes, such as maintaining a heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking, are important steps in managing long-term risks. Additionally, routine check-ups that include cholesterol tests and blood pressure monitoring can help catch any developing issues early.
Kawasaki Disease can have profound effects on heart health, not only during the acute phase but well into the future. From coronary artery aneurysms to endothelial injury, the condition’s impact on the cardiovascular system requires lifelong attention. Continuous medical monitoring, lifestyle adjustments, and appropriate treatments can greatly reduce the risks of long-term complications and help those affected by Kawasaki Disease live healthy, full lives.
For more detailed information and updates on the latest research on Kawasaki Disease and heart health, visit our website kawasakidiseaseuk.org
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